電(dian)器分(fen)類

電器功能劃分

主(zhu)要包括以下5類(lei)：

①用于(yu)接(jie)通和分斷電路(lu)的電器(qi)，如接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)、刀開關、負荷(he)開關、隔離開關、斷路(lu)器(qi)等(deng)。

②用于控制電(dian)路的電(dian)器(qi)，如(ru)電(dian)磁起動器(qi)、自耦減壓起動器(qi)、變阻器(qi)、控制繼電(dian)器(qi)等。

③用于切換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路的電(dian)(dian)器，如(ru)轉換(huan)開關、主(zhu)令電(dian)(dian)器等(deng)。

④用于檢測電路系數的電器，如互感器、傳感器等(deng)。

⑤用于(yu)保護(hu)電路(lu)的(de)電器(qi)(qi)，如(ru)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)、斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)、避雷器(qi)(qi)等。

電器作(zuo)用(yong)劃分

控制(zhi)類(lei)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)：包括(kuo)接觸器(qi)(qi)、開(kai)關電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、控制(zhi)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)令電(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。其在電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)起控制(zhi)、轉換作用。

保護類電器(qi)(qi)：包括熔斷器(qi)(qi)、熱繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)、過電流繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)、欠壓繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)過電壓繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)等，其(qi)在電路中(zhong)起保護作用。

電器動(dong)作劃分

電(dian)器(qi)，如(ru)手(shou)動開(kai)關、控制按鈕、行程開(kai)關等主令電(dian)器(qi)。　

電(dian)(dian)磁力或(huo)某個物理量的(de)變(bian)化自動進行操作的(de)電(dian)(dian)器，如接觸(chu)器、各種類型的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器、電(dian)(dian)磁閥等。

電器按用途分(fen)類

（1）控制電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi) 用于各種(zhong)控制電(dian)路和控制系統的電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，例如接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)、繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)動機起動器(qi)(qi)(qi)等。

（2）主令(ling)電器 用于自動(dong)控制系(xi)統中發(fa)送動(dong)作指(zhi)令(ling)的電器，例(li)如(ru)按鈕、行程開(kai)關(guan)、轉(zhuan)換開(kai)關(guan)等。

（3）保(bao)護(hu)電器(qi)(qi) 用于保(bao)護(hu)電路(lu)及用電設備(bei)的(de)電器(qi)(qi)，如熔斷器(qi)(qi)、熱繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)、各(ge)種保(bao)護(hu)繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)、避雷器(qi)(qi)等。

（4）執行電器(qi) 指用(yong)于(yu)完成某種動作(zuo)或傳動功能(neng)的(de)電器(qi)，如(ru)電磁鐵、電磁離合器(qi)等 。

（5）配(pei)電(dian)電(dian)器(qi)(qi) 用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)能的輸送和分配(pei)的電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，例如高壓(ya)斷路器(qi)(qi)、隔離(li)開關、刀開關、自動空(kong)氣開關等。

電器工作原理(li)劃分

1）電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式電(dian)(dian)器(qi) 依據電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應原理(li)來工作，如接(jie)觸器(qi)、各(ge)種類型的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)等。

2）非電(dian)(dian)量(liang)控制電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi) 依靠(kao)外力或某種(zhong)非電(dian)(dian)物(wu)理量(liang)的變化而動作(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，如刀開關、行程開關、按鈕、速度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)、溫度繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。

電(dian)器低壓劃分

可分為①開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。接通和分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路并有一(yi)定(ding)通斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能力的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換開關、起動器(qi)等(deng)。②熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)。分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)過載或(huo)(huo)短路狀態下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如高分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能力熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)、自復熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)等(deng)。③繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。用(yong)于(yu)控(kong)制和保護的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。④電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)和變(bian)(bian)阻器(qi)。改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路參數或(huo)(huo)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為熱(re)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和起動變(bian)(bian)阻器(qi)、勵磁(ci)變(bian)(bian)阻器(qi)等(deng)。⑤調(diao)節(jie)器(qi)。使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中某些量保持不變(bian)(bian)或(huo)(huo)使其按預定(ding)方式變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。⑥電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵。

主令控制器

電器高壓劃分(fen)

①開關電器。主(zhu)要(yao)有高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)路器、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)隔離開關、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)器、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷開關和(he)接地(di)(di)短路器。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)路器用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)接通(tong)或分(fen)斷(duan)空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、正常負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)或短路故(gu)障(zhang)狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電路。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)隔離開關用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)將(jiang)(jiang)帶電的(de)(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電工設備與電源隔離，一般只(zhi)具(ju)有分(fen)合空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電路的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)分(fen)斷(duan)過載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)或短路狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電路。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷開關用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)接通(tong)或分(fen)斷(duan)空(kong)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、正常負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)和(he)過載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電路，通(tong)常與高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)器配合使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。接地(di)(di)短路器用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)將(jiang)(jiang)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)線(xian)路人為(wei)地(di)(di)造成對(dui)地(di)(di)短路。

②限制電器。主要包括電抗器、避雷器。

③變(bian)換(huan)電(dian)器，又稱(cheng)互感(gan)器。