液壓制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)， 制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就是(shi)所(suo)謂的(de)剎車。是(shi)使機械中(zhong)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)件停止或(huo)減速的(de)機械零件。俗(su)稱剎車、閘。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要由制(zhi)架、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)件和操縱裝置(zhi)等組成。有些制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)還裝有制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)件間隙的(de)自動(dong)(dong)調整裝置(zhi)。

為(wei)了減(jian)小制動(dong)力矩和結構寸(cun)， 制動(dong)器(qi)通(tong)常裝在設備的高速(su)軸上(shang)，但對(dui)安(an)全性要(yao)求較高的大型(xing)設備(如(ru)礦井提升機、電梯等)則(ze)應(ying)裝在靠近(jin)設備工(gong)作部分的低速(su)軸上(shang)。有些(xie)制動(dong)器(qi)已標準化和系(xi)列化，并由專業(ye)工(gong)廠制造以供選用。

靠制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)塊(kuai)壓緊在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)上實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器。單個制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)塊(kuai)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)軸壓力大而不(bu)勻，故通(tong)常多用一對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)塊(kuai)，使制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)軸上所(suo)受制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)塊(kuai)的壓力抵消。

塊式制動器有外(wai)抱式和內張式兩種(zhong)。

外抱(bao)塊式制(zhi)動器

它按(an)操縱(zong)裝置行程的長短(duan)(duan)又(you)分為短(duan)(duan)行程塊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)和長行程塊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi).短(duan)(duan)行程塊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的磁鐵直接裝在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)臂上(shang)。工作(zuo)時，動(dong)(dong)(dong)鐵芯(xin)繞銷(xiao)軸轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)實現松(song)(song)閘;磁鐵斷電(dian)時靠主彈(dan)簧緊閘。這種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)結構緊湊(cou)，緊閘和松(song)(song)閘動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)快，但(dan)沖(chong)擊力(li)大。長行程塊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)可以通過制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)杠桿系統產生大的松(song)(song)閘力(li),但(dan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)平穩,適于各種(zhong)大小型減速(su)設備上(shang)。